現代電網的(de)(de)基礎設(she)備開發(fa)力(li)度的(de)(de)不時(shi)加(jia)大，各項工(gong)業得到了又(you)快又(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)展開。與此一(yi)(yi)同，對(dui)電力(li)的(de)(de)規范請求也越(yue)來越(yue)嚴厲，供(gong)電企業的(de)(de)請求更是越(yue)來越(yue)高。架空變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)上運用(yong)的(de)(de)跌(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)其間(jian)近(jin)10%為“鴨嘴式(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)跌(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)，近(jin)50%為雙(shuang)面(mian)夾式(shi)(shi)跌(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)，40%多(duo)為美(mei)式(shi)(shi)跌(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)。近(jin)年，平(ping)均(jun)每年發(fa)作熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)燒毀工(gong)作多(duo)起，招致10 kV線路掉閘。這(zhe)品(pin)種型問(wen)題影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)居(ju)民們的(de)(de)日常(chang)日子，一(yi)(yi)同還影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)了公司(si)的(de)(de)供(gong)電牢靠(kao)性(xing)。經過核算(suan)發(fa)現，熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)燒毀問(wen)題均(jun)發(fa)作在雙(shuang)面(mian)夾式(shi)(shi)跌(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)上。那么，招致熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)燒毀的(de)(de)緣由是什么？如何改善此類問(wen)題成了本文章的(de)(de)首要論點(dian)。

緣由分析

1.熔管的電氣絕緣功用降落招致其燃燒的可能(neng)性分析

熔管在跌落式熔斷器主體構造中首要起對熔絲的支撐、維護及過流時加快斷開的效果，由絕緣資料制成。熔管老化絕緣功用降落，招致跌落式熔斷器本體絕緣也隨之降落，可能招致熔(rong)(rong)絲與(yu)熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)間(jian)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)放(fang)電火(huo)花，然(ran)后點著熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)。為了進一(yi)步考證往年中的幾起(qi)熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)燃燒(shao)事故(gu)能(neng)否與(yu)其絕緣性降落有關(guan)，將燃燒(shao)后的殘片做了考證。經實驗發(fa)(fa)現，熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)老化水(shui)平很小，絕緣功(gong)用超卓。由此可以證明，發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)的熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)燃燒(shao)事故(gu)與(yu)其絕緣功(gong)用無關(guan)。

2.高壓熔絲配備過大熔絲過流招致熔管燃燒的可能性分析

發作(zuo)的熔(rong)管(guan)燃燒事(shi)(shi)故能否(fou)與熔(rong)絲配(pei)備過(guo)大有關(guan)(guan)，但是(shi)對每起熔(rong)管(guan)燃燒事(shi)(shi)故的高壓熔(rong)絲的配(pei)備情況停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)了查看。經查看發現(xian)，未發現(xian)有超配(pei)備數(shu)值的情況。與此(ci)一同，對缺陷變壓器停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)了負荷(he)檢驗，未發現(xian)過(guo)負荷(he)現(xian)象。由此(ci)證明，發作(zuo)的熔(rong)管(guan)燃燒事(shi)(shi)故與高壓熔(rong)絲配(pei)備、過(guo)流無關(guan)(guan)。

3. 雷擊構成熔管燃燒的可能性(xing)分析談到熔管(guan)燃燒

首先會讓人想到能否是雷擊構成。但經過對事故跌落式熔斷器停止外觀查看，并未發現雷擊放電的痕跡，故可掃除跌落式熔斷器遭受雷擊而招致熔管燃燒的可能性。

4.事故和氣候構成熔管燃燒的可能性分析

從(cong)以上的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)故核算表中可(ke)(ke)以發(fa)現，燃(ran)燒事(shi)故都會集在(zai)4至9月份，且每(mei)次(ci)發(fa)作時的(de)(de)(de)氣候多為陰雨氣候或雨后的(de)(de)(de)次(ci)日。經過這一(yi)核算可(ke)(ke)以得出(chu)，熔(rong)管發(fa)作的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)燒事(shi)故與陰雨天構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)潮濕(shi)存(cun)在(zai)接近的(de)(de)(de)聯絡。

5.跌落式熔斷器構造構成熔管燃燒的可能性分析

發作熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)燃燒事故的跌落式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷器多為同(tong)廠(chang)出(chu)(chu)產(chan)，額定電壓(ya)為10 KV，額定電流為100 A。其他廠(chang)家出(chu)(chu)產(chan)的數量較少，但其構造(zao)共同(tong)。高(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)運用(yong)的是某廠(chang)出(chu)(chu)產(chan)的6－35KV高(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)，外(wai)形為一端帶扁平銅帽的軟銅線(xian)狀(zhuang)高(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)。

其(qi)間(jian)“鴨嘴式(shi)”跌落(luo)式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)運用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)為(wei)軟銅線高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)，不帶扁(bian)(bian)平(ping)銅帽(mao)(mao)(mao)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)上下(xia)通氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)脂管(guan)(guan)(guan)。而美(mei)式(shi)跌落(luo)式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)、雙面夾式(shi)跌落(luo)式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)運用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)儉省了(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)一側的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)定，改用(yong)了(le)扁(bian)(bian)平(ping)銅帽(mao)(mao)(mao)辦法。這兩種(zhong)跌落(luo)式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)上方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)具也停止了(le)改善，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上方(fang)金(jin)具采用(yong)了(le)啟齒(chi)螺(luo)絲(si)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)加(jia)薄銅片(pian)壓(ya)緊(jin)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)扁(bian)(bian)平(ping)銅帽(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)固(gu)(gu)定辦法。這種(zhong)螺(luo)絲(si)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)開(kai)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃理念(nian)是當熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)斷時(shi)，發(fa)(fa)作電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅鋼紙管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)效果(guo)下(xia)發(fa)(fa)作許多電(dian)(dian)離子體順熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)上下(xia)噴發(fa)(fa)。但是，這種(zhong)螺(luo)絲(si)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)擰在(zai)跌開(kai)棍上后，有一個2厘米(mi)深的(de)(de)(de)(de)存水(shui)空間(jian)，因施工(gong)時(shi)未擰緊(jin)或(huo)其(qi)他工(gong)藝(yi)緣由(you)會(hui)存在(zai)向熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)滲水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，構成(cheng)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)潮(chao)(chao)濕。加(jia)上薄銅片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)掩蓋，就構成(cheng)了(le)半(ban)封鎖的(de)(de)(de)(de)潮(chao)(chao)濕空間(jian)。這為(wei)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)絲(si)與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)作放電(dian)(dian)火花供應了(le)外界條件，招致熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)作燃燒事故。

“鴨嘴式(shi)(shi)”跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)、美式(shi)(shi)跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)上(shang)(shang)靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)構(gou)造固(gu)然(ran)不同(tong)，但(dan)(dan)作業(ye)原(yuan)理根(gen)柢相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)都能在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)下動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)彈力(li)支撐的(de)情(qing)況沿(yan)重力(li)方(fang)向跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)。但(dan)(dan)雙(shuang)(shuang)面(mian)夾式(shi)(shi)跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)上(shang)(shang)靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)固(gu)定(ding)構(gou)造的(de)作業(ye)原(yuan)理與(yu)(yu)(yu)前兩(liang)種(zhong)存在(zai)差別(bie)。它在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)下動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)彈力(li)支撐的(de)情(qing)況下，上(shang)(shang)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)要首(shou)先沿(yan)熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)向下移脫離雙(shuang)(shuang)面(mian)夾的(de)綁縛后(hou)，才(cai)干夠沿(yan)重力(li)方(fang)向跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)。這(zhe)種(zhong)固(gu)定(ding)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)其它兩(liang)種(zhong)跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)比，是將原(yuan)有(you)(you)的(de)單面(mian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)變為了(le)雙(shuang)(shuang)面(mian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)，增大了(le)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)部的(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)積。但(dan)(dan)是，這(zhe)種(zhong)固(gu)定(ding)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)兩(liang)個(ge)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)壓力(li)的(de)效果下，摩擦力(li)也隨之增大，構(gou)成了(le)局(ju)部熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)在(zai)低壓缺陷中(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)后(hou)，特別(bie)跌(die)(die)(die)(die)開管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設備沒(mei)有(you)(you)抵(di)達請求(qiu)的(de)30°傾斜角時(在(zai)工作作業(ye)中(zhong)發現(xian)屢次(ci))，熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不能正常(chang)跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)而斷(duan)開缺陷相(xiang)(xiang)。當(dang)半截(jie)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)遇到單調的(de)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時不會發作放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象，但(dan)(dan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)潮濕的(de)絕緣降落(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)時就會發作火花(hua)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象然(ran)后(hou)點著熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，究(jiu)竟引發跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)的(de)燃燒(shao)。改(gai)善與(yu)(yu)(yu)完(wan)善為根(gen)絕熔(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)燃燒(shao)事故(gu)，進步供電(dian)(dian)(dian)牢靠(kao)性。主張(zhang)從以下幾方(fang)面(mian)對跌(die)(die)(die)(die)落(luo)(luo)(luo)式(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)及其施工工藝停止改(gai)善與(yu)(yu)(yu)完(wan)善。

將(jiang)跌落(luo)式熔(rong)斷器的(de)上靜觸頭與上動觸頭的(de)雙面夾(jia)固定辦法，更改為下壓式固定辦法(如:“鴨嘴式”或美式跌落(luo)式熔(rong)斷器)。

將熔(rong)管上端螺絲帽改換為(wei)封鎖的半圓(yuan)形(xing)，防止貯存(cun)雨水，然后防止熔(rong)絲管進(jin)水和絕緣降落現象。根據(ju)工(gong)作閱歷，熔(rong)管下部啟(qi)齒(chi)通(tong)道完整能稱心熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷發(fa)作的電弧氣體向熔(rong)管下部噴發(fa)時的請(qing)求。

適增(zeng)加熔管與(yu)上下端(duan)金(jin)具的(de)自重(zhong)，削(xue)減(jian)熔管不(bu)能正常跌(die)落的(de)現(xian)象。

施工時，嚴(yan)厲(li)按設(she)備請求稱心(xin)30°的傾斜角。2. 5對用戶反映的電壓缺相缺陷要(yao)及時查看(kan)，當發現跌開棍不能跌落時，要(yao)及時處置(zhi)，防止熔管燃燒現象的發作。

以上，是針對(dui)跌落式(shi)熔斷(duan)器熔管燃燒事故成因的(de)分(fen)析(xi)與改善定見，希冀能為同(tong)行供應有利的(de)參閱。